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- OU Kosher Kidz Video
- Editor’s Letter: Why Food Matters
by: Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- Good News for Gluten- Free Consumers: Now You Can Have Your Cake & Eat it Too!
by: Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Gluten-Free Flour Power: Celiac Sufferer helps Others by Helping Herself
by: Bayla Sheva Brenner
- At Twin Rivers Technologies, OU Kosher Glycerin Is Now in Production
- All in a day’s Work (Actually Many Days): Twin Rivers and OU Kosher Make a Complex Kosherization a Realityby: Rabbi Avrohom Stone
- OU Companies Speak
- In the Plain of Spain: An OU Rabbinic Coordinator Seeks Out Olives and Other Kosher Products
by: Rabbi Aharon Brun-Kestler
- Aceites y Salsas Muela: Expands into the Olive Oil Business with Help from the OU
- La Morella Nuts Provides Ingredients for Recipes That Are Both Tasty and Healthful
- The Olives of Seville: Loreto Specialty Foods S.L. Supplies OU Certified Olives to Worldwide Market, Including United States
- Mario Camacho Foods Merges Seville with Omaha, with Quality and Safety as the Goals
- Upstate Stories
- Fortitech Holds the Fort
- OU and Fortitech: A Mutually Fortifying Relationship
- OU Profile: Rabbi Zvi Goodman
- Captive Audience: OU Kosher Provides Meals for the New York State Prison System
by: Seth Eben Shapiro
- Rabbi Bomzer’s Capital District OU Route
- OU RFR Profile: Rabbi Moshe Bomzer
- Birds of the Bible: Solving the Mystery of Which of the Species Are Kosher And Which Are Not
by: Rabbi Chaim Loike
- In An Absolute World: The Most Iconic Vodka Receives the Kosher Seal of Approval of the Orthodox Union
- OU Kosher’s China Syndrome: How I Traveled to Shanghai to Promote the World’s Most Popular Kashrut Symbol and Experienced a Shabbat to Remember
by: Phyllis Koegel
- World-Wide Window to OU Kosher
by: Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Ask The Rabbi: Tanker Trailers
by: Rabbi Nachum Rabinowitz
- It’s Anchovy Time
by: Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- At Kingsburg Orchards, Kosher Coatings Make Their Fruits Peachy Keen
by: Rabbi Gavriel Price
- OU Kosher Supervisor in Louisville Plays Matchmaker Between Certified Companies and JFVS Food Pantry
- Editor’s Letter: A Jam-Packed Issue
Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- On the Beam: In Largest Liquor Kosher Certification in U.S., DeKuyper 60-Flavor Line of Cordials and Liqueurs Recieves OU Symbol
- China Goes Kosher
by Stan L. Friedman and Ilya Welfeld
- China’s Kosher Takeout
by Ching-Ching Ni
- Inspirational and Healthy Eating For Passover
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Sandwiches: Symbol or Meal
by Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- A Blend of the Old and the New
by Menachem Lubinsky
- Stolichnaya Sets the Standard
- The Monk’s Tale: Frangelico Liqueur from Italy
by Rabbi Shaul Gold
- Your Kosher HoOUscope
by Rabbi Avrohom Stone
- The Cold Facts: How to Make Kosher Ice Cream
- Flying the Kosher Skies
by Stephen Steiner
- It’s Not Greek To Him
by Rabbi Aharon Brun-Kestler
- The Gerentes: A Greek Family Devoted to Olives and To OU Kosher
by Rabbi Aharon Brun-Kestler
- Helping Consumers Get the Most Bang For the Buck on Food Purchases
by Brian Todd
- Martek Makes its Mark in Bioscience
by Rabbi Menachem Adler
- At Martek, Quality Assurance and OU Kosher Certification Go Hand in Hand
by Rabbi Menachem Adler
- The Tea Party Is Just Getting Started: Honest Reflections
by Seth Goldman
- Tanks for the Memories
by Rabbi Gavriel Price
- It’s Not Child’s Play
- Jelly Belly Candy Company Steps Up to OU Kosher Certification: Sunkist Fruit Gems and Fruit Slices Are Now Made By the Company Known for the Finest Jelly Beans
- Spangler and the OU: Make a Dandy, Candy Combination
- From the Editor:
Zachlawi Fig Arak
- Personal Notes
by Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- Transitioning Traditional Kosher Brands to the Mainstream: There are two new truths in the kosher food industry. FIRST, kosher isn’t just gefilte fish and borscht anymore. SECOND, a typical kosher shopper isn’t a bubbie named Sadie Rosenberg.
by Gayle Schindler
- OU and Tribune Company Affiliate to Place Cents-Off Coupon Inserts in Major Newspapers Nationwide, in Certified Kosher Marketing Initiative
- The OU’s Spice Maven: Tells Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Parsley, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme
by Rabbi Israel Rothenberg
- OU Companies Speak:
Adding Spice to Life: Gel Spice Company Proudly Displays OU Symbol on its Products
- OU Certification Enhances R.L Schreiber, Inc.’s Quality Culture
- The flowering of La Flor: A Spice Company Blossoms Under OU Certification
- What’s New With Nu? A Spice Company Grows, With Its OU Certification
- Foran Puts Spice in the OU
- Schiff Food Products Spices Up Its Customers’ Business
- The Move Away From Trans Fats & Your OU Kosher Program
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- Kosher Organic: A Natural (And Profitable) Match
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Is Your OU Kosher Program Running Smoothly
- The China Syndrome: Booming in Finances and in Kosher Too
by Rabbi Mordechai Grunberg
- A Fine China For The Kosher Palate: OU Business Is Booming in the Steadily Growing Giant
by Rabbi Donneal Epstein
- Going Kosher has Become Good Business in China
by Evan Osnos (Chicago Tribune)
- An Ingredient for Success: The IAR Ensures Standards That The Consumer Associates With OU Kosher Certification
by Rabbi Raymond Morrison
- Rabbi, Wine is Fine, but Liquor?: Interesting Kosher Issues in the Liquor Industry
by Rabbi Aharon Brun-Kestler
- OU Companies Speak:
Anticipation is Bubbling Over for Zachlawi Fig Arak
- Here Are the Cold Facts About Iceberg Vodka Corporation
- A Pasteurizer Speaks Out: Being Kosherized and Loving It
by: Rabbi Avrohom Stone
- Don’t Look Now, But Nanotechnology Deals With Substances You Can’t See, But Have An Impact On Kosher!
by Rabbi Eliyahu W. Ferrell
- Kosher Food For the Princeton Tiger: How the Ou Partners With the Dining Hall at the Ivy League Campus
- OU/SGS Partnership: Sub-Title: To Enable Simultaneous Kosher Supervision and Certification Audits
by Rabbi Gad Buchbinder
- Editor’s Letter: A Winning Story
by Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- Survey Finds OU the Clear Leader in Kosher Certification
- OU’s (Growing) Continental Connection
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- US Drives Global Kosher Ingredient Need
by Jess Halliday
- Anuga: A Trade Show Lover’s Dream
by Phyllis Koegel
- ESP@DSP?: How a State of the Art Automated System Revolutionized Dairy Processing at an OU Certified Plant
by Rabbi Andrew Gordimer
- Here’s Something to Chew On: How Granola Brings Benefits to Health-Conscious Consumers
by Rabbbi Yisroel Bendelstein
- Kashi: Great Tasting, Nutritious, and OU Kosher Too!
- Not a Half-Baked Idea: Baker’s Breakfast Cookies. Nutritious and Delicious, Proudly Bear the OU’s Symbol as a Sign of Quality
- At Harlan the Pursuit of Growth with Grains. Granola and the OU
by Diane Nagel
- Cabot Quality Gets Stronger with OU Kosher Cheese
by Donna Berry
- Everything’s Popping! (With the OU and Popcorn)
by Rabbi Aharon Brun-Kestler
- It’s Cott to Be Good: If the Beverage is OU Kosher
by Kathryn Bundy
- Keeping it Simple in Sunnyside
by Elena Olmstead
- Have Tuna Will Travel: How OU Rabbis Survive on the Road Survive Without Kosher Restaurants
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- Brandy is Dandy But Needs Special Attention to be Kosher as Well
by Rabbi Yaakov Mendelson
- Certification of Wine: Dear Rabbi, How Do You Make Kosher Wine
by Rabbi Nachum Rabinowitz
- For the Lady or Gentleman Who Love Fine Chocolate in Liqueur Form, Godiva is the Product For You
- For Goodness Sake: Takara Sake USA Bridges Cultural Divide by Becoming OU Kosher
- At Takara, the Traditional and the Modern Combine to Produce High Quality Sake
by Rabbi Gavriel Price
- No More Free Lunch: With No More Free Lunches (or Breakfasts and Dinners) in the Skies, OU Calls on Domestic Airlines to Provide Kosher Meals and Snacks for Purchase; Will Work Closely with Carriers to Bring Kosher Items on Board
by Stephen Steiner
- OU Announces that its Universal Kosher Database is Being Made Available to the Public
- OU Honors George Weston Bakeries Brands at Annual Dinner
- Jelly Belly Candy Company Steps Up to OU Kosher Certification:
Sunkist Fruit Gems and Fruit Slices Are Now Made by the Company Known for the Finest Jelly Beans
- Spangler and the OU Make a Dandy, Candy Combination
- From the Editor:
Zachlawi Fig Arak Personal Notes
- Transitioning Traditional Kosher Brands to the Mainstream
by Gayle Schindler
- Certified Kosher Coupon Program: OU and Tribune Company Affiliate to Place Cent-Off Coupon Inserts in Major Newspapers Nationwide, in Certified Kosher Marketing Initiative
- The OU’s Spice Maven Tells Everything You Ever Wanted To Know About Parsley, Sage, Rosemary & Thyme
by Rabbi Israel Rothenberg
- OU Companies Speak:
Adding Spice to Life – Gel Spice Company Proudly Displays OU Symbol On Its Products
- OU Certification Enhances R.L. Schreiber, Inc.’s Quality Culture
- OU Companies Speak:
The Flowering of La Flor: A Spice Company Blossoms Under OU Certification
- What’s New With NU: A Spice Company Grows, With Its OU Certification
- OU Companies Speak:
Foran Puts Spice In The OU
- OU Companies Speak:
Schiff Food Products Spices Up Its Customers’ Business
- A Healthy Connection: The Move Away From Trans Fats & Your OU Kosher Program
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- Kosher Organic – A Natural (and Profitable) Match
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- The China Syndrome: Booming In Finances And In Kosher Too
by Rabbi Mordechai Grunberg
- A Fine China For The Kosher Palate: OU Business Is Booming in the Steadily Growing Giant
by Rabbi Donneal Epstein
- Chicago Tribune: Going Kosher Has Become Good Business In China
- An Ingredient for Success: The IAR Ensures Standards That The Consumer Associates With OU Kosher Certification
by Rabbi Raymond Morrison
- Rabbi, Wine is Fine, but Liquor?: Interesting Kosher Issues In The Liquor Industry
by Rabbi Aharon Brun-Kestler
- OU Companies Speak
Anticipation Is Bubbling Over For Zachlawi Fig Arak
- OU Companies Speak:
Here Are The Cold Facts About Iceberg Vodka Corporation
- A Pasteurizer Speaks Out: Being Kosherized and Loving It
by Rabbi Avrohom Stone
- Don’t Look Now, But Nanotechnology Deals With Substances You Can’t See, But Have An Impact On Kosher!
by Rabbi Eliyahu W. Ferrell
- Kosher Food For The Princeton Tiger: How the OU Partners With the Dining Hall at the Ivy League Campus
- OU /SGS Partnership To Enable Simultaneous Kosher Supervision Ander Certification Audits
- At Dreyer’s They Know, OU Is the Symbol That Sells
- From the Editor:
The Power of Pareve
by Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- The Kosher Consumer Speaks
by Menachem Lubinsky
- Hello Dolly (Madison)
The Cold Facts About Kosher Ice Cream Production
by Rabbi Andrew Gordimer
- Mais Oui!:
Pierre’s Ice Cream, With French Vanilla Leading The Way, Is Truly Magnifique
- Life Is A Bowl of Perry’s (Ice Cream)
- The Kashrut Side of Private Labels
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- Carriage House Companies: 200 Years of Quality Serve the Modern Consumer
- ShopRite: Kosher Private Label Brings Quality to the Table
by Gerald Farrell
- Some Public Information on Private Label Requests
by Dorit Shamouelian
- Kosher: A Symbol Worth Having
by Donna Berry
- The Healthful Beverage Boom:
America’s Gone Pro-Fruit and Antioxidant
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Pom Wonderful: Pomegranate- It’s Not Only Good For You, But It’s OU Kosher Too
- Not a Bolthouse From The Blue:
Bolthouse Farms Has Provided Quality Vegetable Products Since 1915
- The Revolution in The Oleo Chemical Industry
by Rabbi Yosef Goldberg
- Thinking Outside of the Box:
How an Infant Formula Company Became OU Kosher
- An RFR Recalls That At the PBM Plant, Changing Socks Is Part of the Job
by Rabbi Levy Teitlebaum
- Jansen Liqueurs Get The Royal Treatment-As Americans Will Soon Discover
- Certification The Old-Fashioned Way:
A report from the Herman Jansen RFR
by Rabbi Yisroel Hollander
- They’re Nuts for Najla’s:
A New Cookie Product Wins Raves And Boosts The Fortunes of a Newly Certified OU Company
- Certifying Najla’s: An RFR’s Dream Job
by Rabbi Yosef Levy
- OU Kosher Announces Debut of OU DIRECT to Provide Vast Quantities of Information to Certified Companies
- Feature Your Company on www.OUKosher.org!
- A Recipe for Success: A Talented Team Creates a New Website
by Regina Avshalumova
- Living-Kosher Website/Newsletter to Include OU Feature in Each Issue
- It’s Tough Work, But Someone Has To Do It:
Being an RC For The Ice Cream Industry
by Rabbi Michael Morris
- Dryer’s Kosher Champion: Ed Trujillo
- They’re Baaaaak! Duncan Hines Announces that Cake Mixes Will Once Again Be Certified Pareve
- A Nestle Baby Formula Becomes Pareve: And The OU Sees The Realization of a Dream
- Is Your OU Kosher Program Running Smoothly?
- At Last, the UDB Becomes a Reality
by Rabbi Yaakov Luban
- Here’s the Buzz on Certifying Veggies as Insect-free
by Rabbi David Bistricer
- Why the OU Bugged a Mathematician or Why I’m Going to Think Twice Before Buying any Packaged Product with Fruit or Vegetables that Doesn’t Have an OU on the Label
by Dr. Bruce Bukiet
- Bodek Kosher Produce – First in the Kosher Vegetable Revolution
by Frimet Blum
- Sally Sherman Foods: Family Values Make Sally Sherman Food a Salad Lover’s Delight
By Vasili E. Zisis
- Van Drunen Farms: Commitment to Quality for More Than a Century
- Sol Dios Tequila: Is a Hit — Not in Record Stores, But in Liquor Stores — Following OU Certification
- OU’s Longtime RFR’s — Kashrut Supervision Legends in Their Own Time
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Spray Dryer’s and the Koshering Process
by Rabbi Raphael Ya’akov Blugrond
- Sugar Flower Plus: When a Wedding Becomes an Even Greater Celebration
by Terry Becker and Alex Koffler
- Market Intelligence: What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You
by Elie Rosenfeld
- World Ethnic Market
by Rabbi Aharon J. Brun-Kestler
- Michelman: Your One Source for True Kosher Packaging, with OU Quality Assured
- Manischewitz Says You Can Have Your (Pareve) Cake Mix and Eat It Too
- Absolutely Marvelous News in the World of Vodka!
Absolut is Certified Kosher by the Orthodox Union
- Love your OU Kosher Starbucks Coffee?
The Fames Symbol Now Graces the Bottles of Starbucks Liqueurs as Well
- L’Chaim to Absolut Vodka, Starbucks Coffee and Cream Liqueurs, and Don Q Rums
- From the Editor: Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- Inside The World Of Chocolate
by Rabbi Kalman Scheiner
- Madelaine Chocolates: The Gourmet Chocolate For (OU) Kosher Consumers
- Endangered Species Chocolate: Tastes Good and Does good At The Same Time
- V Chocolates: Loving Life as an OU Company
- Hoffman Chocolates: From the Florida Tropics Comes a Really Hot Product
- The OU Becomes the Big Cheese At European Dairy Companies
by Rabbi Andrew Gordimer
- In A Corner Of Old England, Making Cheese The Old-Fashioned Way At Ashley Chase
- By George: Dew Lay Royal George Kosher English Cheese has Brought its Quality and Personal Service to the American Market
- OU Orthodox Union Kashruth Division Presents A One Day Seminar for the Dairy Industry
- Getting the Flavor of Certifying Flavors: A Primer
by Rabbi Moshe Zywica
- Don’t Forget to Take Your Vitmains – Don’t Worry, They’re Kosher!
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- From Puerto Rico Comes Big News in the World of Rum
Don Q is Now OU Kosher
- Rum & Coke: Reuniting a Famous Pair, Under the OU Symbol
by Rabbi Norman Schloss
- Kosherization made easy>>> Well, Not Exactly Easy, But Understandable
by Rabbi David Bistricer
- ASKOU8 - Learning From the Masters: Two OU Late Summer Programs Train the Next Generation of Kosher Supervisors
by Regina Avshlumova
- The Simple, But Extraordinary, Industriousness of the Bee
by Rabbi Gavriel Price
- OU Companies Speak: At Balparmak—Honeybunch, The Beautiful Turkish Flowers Result In Great Turkish Honey
- A Honey Of A Story
- How Tropical Blossom Went From A Backwoods Cabin To Worldwide Sales
- A Honey Tree Grows In Michigan
- Gluten Free Certification Organization Moving Ahead; OU Partnership Critical To Program’s Success
- Marketing Tips: If You’ve Got It – Flaunt It.
- OU Policy Review
- Absolutely Marvelous News in the World of Vodka!
Absolut is Certified Kosher by the Orthodox Union
- Love your OU Kosher Starbucks Coffee?
The Fames Symbol Now Graces the Bottles of Starbucks Liqueurs as Well
- L’Chaim to Absolut Vodka, Starbucks Coffee and Cream Liqueurs, and Don Q Rums
From the Editor: Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- Inside The World Of Chocolate
by Rabbi Kalman Scheiner
- OU Companies Speak:
Madelaine Chocolates: The Gourmet Chocolate For (OU) Kosher Consumers
Endangered Species Chocolate: Tastes Good and Does good At The Same Time
V Chocolates: Loving Life as an OU Company
Hoffman Chocolates: From the Florida Tropics Comes a Really Hot Product
- The OU Becomes the Big Cheese At European Dairy Companies
by Rabbi Andrew Gordimer
- OU Companies Speak: In A Corner Of Old England, Making Cheese The Old-Fashioned Way At Ashley Chase
- By George: Dew Lay Royal George Kosher English Cheese has Brought its Quality and Personal Service to the American Market
- OU Orthodox Union Kashruth Division Presents A One Day Seminar for the Dairy Industry
- Getting the Flavor of Certifying Flavors: A Primer
by Rabbi Moshe Zywica
- Don’t Forget to Take Your Vitmains – Don’t Worry, They’re Kosher!
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- From Puerto Rico Comes Big News in the World of Rum
Don Q is Now OU Kosher
- Rum & Coke: Reuniting a Famous Pair, Under the OU Symbol
by Rabbi Norman Schloss
- Kosherization made easy>>> Well, Not Exactly Easy, But Understandable
by Rabbi David Bistricer
- ASKOU8 - Learning From the Masters: Two OU Late Summer Programs Train the Next Generation of Kosher Supervisors
by Regina Avshlumova
- The Simple, But Extraordinary, Industriousness of the Bee
by Rabbi Gavriel Price
- OU Companies Speak: At Balparmak—Honeybunch, The Beautiful Turkish Flowers Result In Great Turkish Honey
- A Honey Of A Story
- How Tropical Blossom Went From A Backwoods Cabin To Worldwide Sales
- A Honey Tree Grows In Michigan
- Gluten Free Certification Organization Moving Ahead; OU Partnership Critical To Program’s Success
- Marketing Tips: If You’ve Got It – Flaunt It.
- OU Policy Review
- Unilever United States - Adding Vitality to Life with the Orthodox Union
- The Hole Truth: Together, Bagels and the OU
by Rabbi Yisroel Bendelstein
- Nobody Doesn't Like Sara Lee - Especially with the OU Symbol
- Just Bagels: Crunchy on the Outside, Chewy on the Inside
- Sound the Bell for Bell's Bialys
- Dean Foods Northeast Discovers the Joys of Consolidation
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Dettling Swiss Kirsch: A Cherry Brandy to Savor for Purity and the OU Symbol
by Andrea Baumgartner
- How to put the OU Symbol on Your Label
by Rabbi Avraham Stone
- Have a Hot Kosher Question? Call the OU Kosher Hotline and We'll Set You Straight
by Rabbi David Polsky
- An RC Explores the Lifestyles of Chilean Salmon, or, How are you Going to Keep them Down on the Farm, after they've Seen Salmones Multiexport?
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- Salmones Mutliexport and Aquafarms International
by Brian MacDonald
- Marine Harvest's Emphasis on Quality Includes the Symbol
- Exploring Glycerin Uses
by Lynn Grooms
- Let the World Know You are Kosher. Not just Kosher, OU Kosher
- OU Announces Certification of Miss Roben's Allergen-Friendly Baking Mixes
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- Novoenzymes: Unlocking the Magic of Nature Through (OU Kosher) Biological Solutions
Experiencing a Maalox Moment: Following Triaminic, the OU Certifies Novartis
Consumer Health’s Famed Heartburn Remedy
- Chemical Engineer and Kosher Coordinator
by Jes Knudsen
- When It’s Enzyme Time Call on the OU
by Rabbi Menachem Adler
- OU Profile: Rabbi Menachem Adler
- October is National Inclusion Month at the OU
- New Food Safety Program: Independent Certification Program for Gluten-Free Food Processing Utilizes OU Kosher Expertise
- “I Have to Check With the Senior Rabbis”
What Happens When A Question of Jewish Law Goes to the OU’s Poskim
by Rabbi Dovid Cohen
- OU PROFILE: Rabbi Dovid Cohen
- The China Syndrome: Products Help to Fuel Giant Economic Growth
by Rabbi Mordechai Grunberg
- The New China: Booming Economy, Growing OU Presence
by Rabbi Donneal Epstein
- OU PROFILE: Rabbi Donneal Epstein
- OU COMPANIES SPEAK: And OU Tea from Argentina Too
by Horacio Clein
- OU Certification Suits Sri Lanka Company to a Tea
- Looking for Kosher Sushi or MSG? If it’s OU Certified, it’s on the New Website Product Search
by Rabbi Yonatan Kaganoff
- So You Hate Regulatory Paperwork? The OU Comes to the Rescue
by Howard Katzenstein
- The Kashrut of Color Additives
by Rabbi Gavriel Price
- The Health Benefits of Fish: Without the Fish
Now Kosher, MEG-3™ Brand Omega-3 Powder and Fish Oil Offer Food and Supplement Companies an Explosive Opportunity
by Susan Michel, MBA
- Spring 2005 Kashrut Conference
- Nothing Fishy Here: Beyond the Four-Year Process at Ocean Nutrition to Make Fish Oil Kosher
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- Culture for the Masses: The Complexities of Yogurt Certification
by Rabbi Andrew Gordimer
- OU Companies Speak
Leaving No Stone Unturned at…Stonyfield Farm
By Chris Halverson
- Stonyfield Farms: An OU Rabbi’s Dream Company
by Rabbi Gershon Segal
- Organic Valley Dairy Cooperative: Independent and Farmer-Owned
by Jim Pierce
- An Axelrod to Grind at the OU
by Jerry Gaube
- OU KOSHER
Bringing Boom for Business & Consistent Quality to Consumers
by Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran and Bayla Sheva Brenner
- The Case of the Baffling Bialy
by Rabbi Avrohom Stone
- Shaimos - A Brand Name That Has Withstood Time
by Rabbi Yisroel Bendelstein
- When Dreams Become Reality: The Marvels of OU Special Productions
by Rabbi David Bistricer
- Michigan Dessert Corporation
- The Sleeping Giant: The Kosher for Passover Market
by Rabbi Yaakov Luban
- Keeping Up with Passover Trenditions
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Not a Half-Baked Idea: Baking for Passover Offers Tasty Rewards
by Rabbi David Bistricer
- The Kosher for Passover Snack: A Rarity No More
by Rabbi Dov Schreier
- Meeting the Challenge of Certifying Flavors for Pesach
by Rabbi Nathan Neuberger
- A Chemical Reaction at Passover
by Rabbi Eliyahu W. Ferrell
- Behind the Chometz-Free Certification
by Rabbi Avraham L. Juravel
- Continuing a Kosher Tradition... Bumble Bee Seafoods Offers Prime Fillet Kosher for Passover Solid White Albacore
by Jennifer Hayes
- The Modern Passover Marketing Story
by Menachem Lubinsky
- The Big Three - For Generations, These Firms Have Defines Kosher for Passover Food
by Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran
- How Our Seafood Producers Navigate the Waters of kosher for Passover Supervision
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- With a Keen Eye Towards the U.S. Kosher Consumer Marketplace, Israel's Tnuva Dairy Giant Initiates Massive Preparations for Passover
by Shlomo Stephens
- A Real Tear Jerker: Here's the Story of the Relationship Between the OU & Gold's Horseradish
by Marc Gold
- Is there a Doctor in the House? Dr. Praeger is on Call, During the Year and at Passover
by Rabbi David Bistricer
- MilMar's Marvelous Meals
- Ever Hear of Pasta Ice Cream? Why Dairy Products Must Be Kosher for Passover
by Rabbi Avrohom Gordimer
- From Around the World to Your Table: Wine this Passover is Different From All Others
by Bayla Sheva Brenner
- Glad Tidings from the World of Plastic Wraps
- Making a Date for Passover
by Rabbi Binyamin Kaplan
- A Special Concern for Wheat Derivatives
by Rabbi Gavriel Price
Passover 2005
- No Shortcuts for This Shortbread
- Making Fruit Jelly Kosher: It’s Easier Than Ever
by Rabbi Gavriel Price
- The Quest for Perfection at Sarabeth’s Kitchen
- Clearbrook Farms - “Taste Them Once, Be Spoiled for Life.”
- This Just In: OU News Roundup
by Rabbi Avrohom Stone
- The OU Meets the Challenge of Certifying the Beverage Industry
by Rabbi Zvi Goodman
- Putting Your New Beverages on the Fast Track to Approval
by Rabbi Yitzchok Mincer
- AriZona Beverages’ Formula for Success: Quality, Packaging, OU Certification
- An Impulse to Succeed: The Energy Drink Becomes OU Kosher
by Erin Gabrielle Hecht
- Water+Vitamins+Nutrients+OU kosher=Vitaminwater!
- Not a Bolt from the Blue: When Bolthouse Farms Opened a Juice Product Line, It Called on the OU
by Bryan Reese
- The Rabbi Stone Road Show Goes to Texas: Wowing Them at Best Brands Dallas
by Al Turkot
- Rabbi Stone’s Road Show or, Why Your Kosher Product Is Kosher
by Shayndi Raice
- Walt Disney....Hanna/Barbera...Rabbi Ossey...Rabbi Ossey???!!!
- Food for Thought on Campus: An OU Program Brings a Busy Kosher Kitchen to Cornell
by Rabbi Joshua Ross
- JLIC: A Home Away From Home For Jewish Students at Cornell and Eight Other Campuses
- Helping Santini Foods Meet a New Challenge Helping Santini Foods Meet a New Challenge
- Kosherfest 2004 Brings Many Visitors to OU Booth
- The Seventh Annual ASK OU Program
- Dawn Food Products: Where Bakery Success Starts
by Jim Peacock
- Kosher Pizza – Cardboard No More
by Rabbi Andrew Gordimer
- A Pizza Success Story: Bake it and They Will Come
Mendelsohn’s Pizza
- Look up in the Sky: It’s a Bird, It’s a Plane – No, It’s a Kosher Pizza
Jerusalem II Flying Pizza
- An Upscale Brand of Pizza
- Nothing to Sneeze at: Orthodox Union Certifies Triaminic Pediatric Cold/Cough/Allergy Liquid Medications as Kosher
by Stephen Steiner
- Mesorah: OU Conference Explores the Traditions of Rare Animals and Birds
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- Protecting the Symbol: Tracking Down the Unauthorized OU
by Howard Katzenstein
- Salad Days for the OU
by Rabbi David Bistricer
- OU Companies Speak:
Walden Farms
Nature’s Choice
- OU Joins in Aquathin Corp. USA’s Silver Anniversary Celebration
- Ancient Bowfin Presents New Ich-Theological Conundrum
by Jan Jeffrey Hoover
- Dawn and the OU: 2 Perfect ‘Matching Circles’
by Yisroel Bendelstein
- Keeping Our Food Products Kosher for the Right Reasons
by Jim Peacock
Nestlé USA: Providing Good Food for Kosher Life
by Nicole Turner-Stone
Behind the Scenes of the Amazing(ly secret) World of a Flavor Company
by Rabbi Nathan Neuberger
A Primer on Flavors and the Kosher Process: Yummy, This Tastes Good!
by Ilana Kurts
Mother Murphy’s Laboratories
by Pamela Murphy
S&S Flavors
Gold Coast Ingredients
Test Your Kosher IQ
by Rabbi Avrohom Stone
We Mourn Rabbi Syshe Heschel
Let’s Talk More Turkey
By Rabbi Eliyahu Safran
Nestlé And The OU: A Relationship Built On Communications
The Entenmann’s-Bakers Treat Connection: A Tale of Rugelach, Philanthropy & OU Kosher
If You Provide Kosher Food, Let the Consumer Know: ‘Your Meal Is Waiting’
by Elie Rosenfeld
Your LOC: What’s in a Name? Plenty.
Resources for Success
By Rabbi Reuven Nathanson
- Eating their Wheaties:
OU Certification Helps Propel General Mills To New Heights In Food Sales
- Making the Case for Kosher Casein in the Former USSR
- Erie Food International
by Glenn Motsinger
- American Casein Company
by Jane Macey
- From Alaska – the Call of the Wild (Salmon)
by Rabbi Chaim Goldberg
- Specialty Needs for Kosher Processing
by: Dennis Martin, Director, Food Industry Division, ChemTreat, Inc.
- Leads to Industrial Innovation
- ON THE ROAD - The Wondrous World of New Jersey
by Rabbi Avrohom Stone
- Jewish Pastry Thrives Under Muslim Owner Choosing Kosher Route Paid Off For Chewy’s Rugelach
by Asher Price
- The Quest: Achieving OU Certification at Morgan Foods, Inc.
- OU-P: The Letters That Lead to Higher Sales
by Rabbi Yonatan Kaganoff
- An American (Dairy) Revolution?
- It’s Not Easy Being Green
The Success Story of Hanover Foods
- RMC Numbers on Your Schedule A– for Better OU Service
- A Fish Story
The OU Challenges of the Sea
- Kosher Meets Moby Dick
Issues in Kosher Shipping
- Always Check the Label
A Review of Schedule B
- No Gulf in Kosher Observance:
How an OU Expert Helped the Troops in Iraq Observe the Dietary Laws /li>
- A&B Gefilte Fish –
No Labor, No Preservatives
- How to Get Kosher Certification
The process takes time, but the benefits are worth it
- Bumble Bee Seafood’s
A Kosher Tradition
- It’s Your Spud
How to keep your potatoes Kosher
- Dear Rabbi
Understanding the Fine Print of Schedule A
- Simply the Best
- Lets Get Chemical
Kosher Issues in the Chemical World
- Acidulants:
OU CertifiedShellfish-Free Glucosamine
- Telling It Like It Is
- Let’s Talk Turkey
- Carriage House Companies, Inc.
Appreciates OU RFR
- Thomas’® and Entenmann’s
A Kosher Tradition
- Industry Trends Bagels, Biscuits and other Baked Goods
How to Keep Your Cakes Kosher
- Best Brands Corp.
Innovated Products & Service. Bottom Line Results
- Pas Yisrael Certification
Important Component for Business Growth
- Creating the “Gold Standard” for Butter
A Kosher Clarifier
- Say Cheese!
An in-depth look at the kosher dairy world
- KOSHER CERTIFICATION
It Makes Good $ense
- On the Road with the OU - Oil, Oil, Toil and Kashruth
An inside look at the RFR’s life in Malaysia and Indonesia
- What are you, Chicken?
An Inside Look at Empire
- Please Pass the Pareve – A Light-Hearted Look At Pareve Certification
How becoming pareve can broaden your consumer base – A Pareve Primer – Kosher Pareve- A World of Opportunity – Another Lost Pareve Product – Miss Meringue Cookies Become OU Pareve
- Striving to Create an Honest Tea Experience
- Are your Enzymes Edible? – MSG, It’s Not Just A Garden
Industry Issues examines concerns in the biotechnology industry – How I Keep it Perfectly Kosher at Northwestern Foods – City Harvest – An Opportunity to Help in New York City – The Best Thing Since Flintstone Vitamins
- On the Road with the OU - The Golden State At A Glance
An inside look at an RFR’s life in California
- Coca Cola – A Very Trusting Relationship
- 0n the Road with the OU - Behind The Bamboo Curtain:
An inside look at an RFR’s life in China
- Days of Wine & Chocolate – Life’s Little Luxuries Loom Large:
The art of kosher wine & chololate reaches new heights
- Snack Attack! – Snazzy, Salty Foods—More Popular Than Ever – Industry Issues examines concerns in the snack market niche. – Nabisco Putting the KOSHER in Kookie
- Lactic Acid Approved For Passover
- Glossary of Kosher Concepts & Terms
Prepared for the Oleochemical Industry
- At Heinz, Kosher Shines
- All the Whey – Important New Industry Standards
- Understanding the Cream of the Crop
- OU Companies Speak – JB Laboratories
- On the Road with the OU
Keeping it Kosher in India RFR on the Sub-Continent
- Attention Marketing VPs and Marketing Reps.
You’ve Got the OU… Now What?
- Kosher and Spice – But is Everything Nice?
New Column Tackles Industry Issues
- Friends, Rabbis and Companies – Lend Me Your Ears
- Life Is Like A Box Of Godiva Chocolates:
You Always Know What You’re Gonna Get…Quality
- Nantucket Nectars: Loyal To Quality And The OU
- To Market, to Market – Engendering Product Loyalty Recognizing the value of the OU symbol
- On the Road with the OU:
Keeping it Kosher in Japan – An inside look at an RFR’s daily life
- Tips on Getting Your LOC
- Tetra Pak’s Remedy
A 2-Day Seminar to Simplify your Life Making equipment and systems kosher adaptable
Behind the Union Symbol is the highly acclaimed quarterly magazine of the Orthodox Union’s Kashruth Division for current and prospective Kosher certified companies.
The publication, which in only a few years has become the premiere kosher trade magazine, features technical articles on the scientific and halachic aspects of kosher food production, company profiles, tips on maximizing a kosher program, as well as sometimes whimsical and always fascinating articles on how the OU’s rabbinic experts bring their skills to more than 6,000 plants in 77 countries worldwide. A must read for food executives, marketing officers and plant personnel.
Behind the Union Symbol is the highly acclaimed quarterly magazine of the Orthodox Union’s Kashruth Division for current and prospective Kosher certified companies.
The publication, which in only a few years has become the premiere kosher trade magazine, features technical articles on the scientific and halachic aspects of kosher food production, company profiles, tips on maximizing a kosher program, as well as sometimes whimsical and always fascinating articles on how the OU’s rabbinic experts bring their skills to more than 6,000 plants in 77 countries worldwide. A must read for food executives, marketing officers and plant personnel.
Behind the Union Symbol is read by over 6,000 food executives and reaches 6,000 food manufacturing facilities worldwide, as well as food industry leaders, editors and analysts.
Rabbi Dr. Eliyahu Safran, the OU’s Vice President of Marketing and Communication and Senior Rabbinic Coordinator founded Behind the Union Symbol and currently serves as Editor-in-Chief.
You can view and download current and previous issues in pdf format by using the dropdown menu below and you can request a free subscription to Behind the Union Symbol by calling 212-613-8346 or 8238 or by emailng Safrane@ou.org.
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Glossary of Kosher Terms for Companies
The following are some non-English kosher terms that you may come across along with their explanations:
Bishul Yisroel (also spelled Bishul Yisrael): Certain foods require increased a Rabbi’s involvement in the cooking process.
The OU requires Bishul Yisroel on all of those products deemed to be included in the requirements for Bishul Yisroel under Jewish law.
Cholov Yisroel (also spelled Chalav Yisroel): Milk and milk products that was supervised by a Rabbi from the time of milking.
The OU does not require products to be Cholov Yisroel, but will certify a product that is Cholov Yisroel as such.
Glatt: Literally “smooth”. An animal whose lungs contained no questionable adhesions that could pose potential Kosher problems.
It is now commonly used to describe a higher level of Kosher supervision.
Kosher L’Pesach: Kosher for Passover; containing no leaven and no legumes and manufactured with Mashgiach Temidi.
Mashgiach Temidi: A manufacturing production with continuous supervision by a Rabbi. This is often called a “Special Production”.
Pareve: A food item that is neither meat or dairy (and can therefore be eaten with either) and was not manufactured on meat or dairy equipment.
Pas Yisroel (also spelled Pat Yisroel): Bakery products that were baked by a Rabbi. This can be fulfilled by having a Rabbi turn on the oven.
The OU does not require products to be Pas Yisroel, but will certify a product that is Pas Yisroel as such.
Yoshon: Grain products that are made from certain types of “winter” grains as defined by Jewish law.
The OU does not require products to be Yoshon, but will certify a product that is Yoshon as such.
Pas Yisroel Products
OU Kosher Pas Yisroel List
as of Elul 5768
The Tur (Orach Chaim, Siman 603), based upon the Talmud Yerushalmi, cites the custom for Jews to be stringent during the Aseret Yimei Teshuva to eat exclusively ‘Pas Yisroel’ bread. Even those Jews who generally do not exclusively eat ‘Pas Yisroel’ are encouraged to accept this practice during the period between Rosh Ha-Shanah and Yom Kippur.
We are therefore presenting the list of all OU Pas Yisroel products.
More information about Pas Yisroel
Please note:
1) All OU-P (Kosher for Passover) Matzah products (e.g. Matzah, Matzah Meal, Matzah Meal products) are Pas Yisroel, even if not listed below.
2) Not all products on this list are available in all countries or geographic regions.
3) The OU Poskim are of the position that breakfast cereal and wafers are considered a tavshil and not pas and, therefore, are not subject to the the laws of Pas Yisroel.
4) Products which are also cholov yisroel and/or yoshon are so indicated.
5) Items manufactured in Israel are noted with an asterisk(*).
6) Food service establishments such as restaurants and caterers are noted with a (FSE).
| Company/Brand | Product Type |
| Abadi Bakery* | All items |
| Acme [Albertson’s] | Clifton, NJ – all fresh baked products |
| Acme [Albertson’s] | Milltown, NJ – all fresh baked products |
| Acme [Albertson’s] | Narberth, PA – all fresh baked products |
| Albertson’s in-store Bakery | Boca Raton and Del Ray Beach – all fresh baked products |
| Amnon's Kosher Pizza | Frozen Pizza (cholov yisroel) |
| Amnon's Kosher Pizza | Frozen Pizza (cholov yisroel) |
| Angel’s Bakery* | All products (when bearing an OU) |
| Awrey's | Microwaveable Sandwich Bagel Halves, Mini Bagels, Cinnamon Raisin Bagels, Plain Bagels, Blueberry Bagels |
| Bag N’ Save | Bread, rolls, buns |
| Bagel City | Challah, challah rolls (yoshon) |
| Bagels-N-More | Challah, challah rolls (yoshon) |
| Barry’s Bakery | Café and French Twists (when Pas Yisrael is written on the label)(yoshon) |
| Barth* | Crackers |
| Bayit Vegan Guest House* | All baked items |
| Bell | Bialys (with special Hebrew packaging only) [Only available in Israel] |
| Betz Boys (Continental Food) | Pizza (cholov yisroel) |
| BJ's | Plain Sliced Mini Bagels,Cinnamon Raisin Mini Bagels |
| Block & Barrel | Plain Bagel, Classic Mini Plain Bagel |
| Brickfire Bakery | Plain Sliced Mini Bagels |
| Brooklyn Bagel | Frozen, Poppy, Sesame Bagels (With special Hebrew packaging only) [Only available in Israel] |
| Bubba’s and Novelty Kosher Pastries | All baked goods (yoshon) |
| Burry Foodservice | Mini Bagel Plain, Cinnamon Raisin Mini Bagels, Blueberry Mini Bagels, Wrapped Plain Bagel, Wrapped Cinnamon Raisin Bagel, Wrapped Blueberry Bagel |
| Canada Bread | Mini Bagel Plain, Mini Bagel Cinnamon Raisin, Mini Bagel Blueberry, Plain Bagel, Cinnamon Raisin Bagel, Blueberry Bagel |
| Circa-NY Midtown & Downtown (FSE) | Pizza (cholov yisroel) and breads |
| Continental Bakery | Breads & Cakes |
| Continental Pastry, Inc. | Various cakes, pies & pastries |
| Copenhagen | Butter cookies & low cholesterol cookies |
| Cub Foods | Bakery Style Egg Bagels, Bakery Style Honey Wheat Bagels, Bakery Style Blueberry Bagels, Bakery Style Plain Bagels, Bakery Style Cinnamon Raisin Bagels |
| CVS | Butter cookies & low cholesterol cookies |
| Daily Pita | All pita bread |
| Dakota Brands | Bagels, rolls |
| Damascus | Must state pas yisroel on package |
| David’s Cookies | Hamentashen (only when labled as Pareve and Pas Yisroel) |
| Davidovitz* | All products (when bearing an OU symbol) |
| Delacre* | Cookies |
| Delancey Dessert | Exclusively pas yisroel rolls, cookies, cakes, breads |
| Dougie’s BBQ & Grill in Brooklyn (FSE) | All baked products |
| Dr. Praeger's | Fishies, fish sticks, and fish cakes, pizza bagels |
| Edwards & Sons* | Breadcrumbs, croutons |
| Einat* | Breadcrumbs, croutons |
| Elite* | Biscuits |
| Elsa's Story* | Cookies, crackers, pastries (not cholov yisroel) |
| Empire | Pizza (cholov yisroel); |
| Ener-G* | Gluten-free pretzels and crackers |
| Eskal | Gluten-free cakes |
| Essex on Coney Downtown (FSE) | All baked products |
| Everything Spelt | All baked products |
| Father Sam | All pita bread |
| Fischer Brothers & Leslie | Challah, challah rolls |
| Flavorite | Bakery Style Plain Bagels, Bakery Style Blueberry Bagels, Bakery Style Cinnamon Raisin Bagels |
| Friedman's | All products (when Pas Yisroel is written on the label) |
| Gefen | Crackers, cookies, matzoh (matzoh is yoshon) |
| Gefen* | Chocolate cake, honey cake, marble cake |
| Glutino* | Gluten free pretzels, crackers |
| Goodman, Goodman's (Joyce Food Products) | Cakes & cookies (yoshon) |
| Grandpa’s “Old Southern” Coffee Cake | All baked items |
| Grandpa's Coffee Cake | All coffee cakes |
| Grandpa's Gourmet Biscotti | Biscotti |
| Grandpa's International Bakery | Breads |
| Guiltless Gourmet | Wraps |
| Hadar* | Assorted biscuits |
| Hafners | Pastry shells w/ OU and Rabbi signature |
| Healthy Palate/Chef Martini | Eggplant parmesan (breadcrumbs are pas yisroel) |
| Hema* | Crackers |
| Hy-Vee | Egg Bagels, Plain Bagels, Cinnamon Raisin Bagels, Blueberry Bagels, Onion Bagels, Bakery Style Onion Bagels, Apple Cinnamon Refrigerated Bagel, Honey Wheat Bakery Style Bagel |
| J & P | Pita bread |
| J2 Manhattan (FSE) | Pizza (cholov yisroel) and breads |
| Jake's Bakes | All products (when Pas Yisroel is written on the label) |
| Jason | Coating Crumbs |
| Jewel-Osco [Albertson’s] | Evanston, IL – bread and kosher cakes |
| Jewel-Osco [Albertson’s] | Highland Park, IL – bread and kosher cakes |
| Josef’s Organic | All products |
| Kad Vechomer Café* (FSE) | All products |
| Kedem | Cookies, Cereal bars, Biscuits, Crackers |
| Kedem* | Assorted crackers |
| Keefe Kitchen | Plain Bagels, Cinnamon Raisin Bagels |
| Kem Kem | Crackers |
| Kemach Food Products | Cookies (yoshon when stated on package), crackers (when Pas Yisroel) is written on the label) |
| Kineret | Cakes, rugalach |
| King Solomon | All products |
| L’Esti Desserts | Cakes and pastries (also yoshon) |
| Lakewood Kollel | All products (when Pas Yisroel is written on the label) |
| Levana Restaurant (FSE) | All baked products |
| Barry’s Bakery | Café and French Twists (when Pas Yisrael is written on the label)(yoshon) |
| Loacker | Quadratini |
| Lilly's | All products |
| M & M Kosher Bakery | Pita, baklava and lady fingers |
| Maadanot* | Bourekas, malawah, pizza squares |
| Macabee | Pizza (cholov yisroel), Pizza Bagel (cholov yisroel), Breaded Eggplant (yoshon), Breaded Mushrooms (yoshon), Mozzarella Sticks (cholov yisroel, Yoshon) |
| Malon Shaarei Yerushalayim* (FSE) | All baked products |
| Mani's* | Cakes and tortes |
| Manischewitz Co. | Tam tams (yoshon), Italian coating crumbs (yoshon), Matzah and Matzah Meal (Year-round, non-Kosher for Passover) |
| Maple Leaf Bakery | Safeway Natures Blend Plain Mini Bagel, Mini Bagels |
| Maplehurst | Block & Barrell Classic Mini Plain Bagel |
| Marzipan* | Ruggelach |
| Matzot Carmel* | Matzah |
| Mehadrin Bakery | Breas, cookies, and pastries |
| Mendelson’s Pizza (FSE) | Pizza (cholov yisroel) and breads |
| Mezonos Maven | All products |
| Milk ‘N Honey NYC (FSE) | All baked products |
| Mishpacha | All products |
| Moishy’s | Exclusively pas yisroel rolls, cookies, cakes, breads |
| Mount Sinai Hospital (FSE) | Products bearing an OU symbol |
| Mountain Fruit | All products (when Pas Yisroel is written on the label) |
| Mr. Baker* | Assorted crackers, |
| Naomi Caterers* (FSE) | All baked items |
| Nana Sylvia | Mandel bread |
| Neri’s | Breads and bagels |
| Novelty Bakery and Novelty Kosher Pastry | All products (cholov yisroel, yoshon) |
| Of Golan* | Chicken nuggets, rings and schnitzel |
| Of Tov* | Chicken Breast Nuggets |
| Olympic Pita (FSE) | All baked products |
| Original Bagel Company | Plain Bagel, Cinnamon Raisin Bagel, Blueberry Bagel, Everything Bagel, Sesame Bagel, Plain Sandwich Bagel, Park Avenue Plain Mini Bagels, Park Avenue Cinnamon Raisin Mini Bagels, Park Avenue Blueberry Mini Bagels , |
| Orion | Plain Par-Baked Hot Stuff Bagel, Cinnamon Raisin Par-Baked Hot Stuff Bagel |
| Osem* | All products |
| Ostreicher’s | Hamentashen (only when labled as Pareve and Pas Yisroel) |
| Pita Express (FSE) | Pita bread (also yoshon) |
| Pituyim Cafe* (FSE) | All items |
| Quality Food Industries* | Croutons |
| Ram Caterers of Brooklyn (FSE) | All baked products |
| Red Heifer Restaurant* (FSE) | All baked products |
| Raft Foods* | Croutons |
| Reisman Bros. Bakery | Assorted cakes, cookies, rugalach |
| Renaissance Hotel Jerusalem * (FSE) | All products |
| Rokeach | Hamentashen (only when labled as Pareve and Pas Yisroel), snackers crackers, cookies, soup nuts |
| Roma | Bread, rolls, buns |
| Rottella’s | Bread, rolls, buns |
| Royal Bakery House | All breads |
| Royal Dansk | Low cholesterol cookies (when indicated on package) [Available only in Israel] |
| Sabba* | Biscuits |
| Shop'n Save | Bakery Style Plain bagel 12/5/3/ Oz., Bakery Style Cinnamon Raisin bagel 12/5/3 Oz., Bakery Style Blueberry Bagel 12/5/3 Oz., Bakery Style Honey Wheat Bagels 12/5/3 oz. Cinnamon Raisin Bagels, Onion Bagel, Egg Bagels, Plain Bagels, Blueberry Bagels |
| Shoprite | Challahs (only when labeled Pareve and Pas Yisroel) |
| Simply Bread | Challah (when stated on the label) |
| Smilowitz | Exclusively pas yisroel rolls, cookies, cakes, breads |
| Smunchies | All baked goods |
| Spring Valley-Milmar | Mini pizza bagels (cholov yisroel), food service |
| Sruli's | All products (when Pas Yisroel is written on the label) |
| Subway (FSE) | All baked items |
| Super 13 | All products (when Pas Yisroel is written on the label) |
| Tami Great Foods | Old fashioned French toast |
| Tavor* | Assorted cookies and cakes |
| Tel Aviv Kosher Bakery (Chicago) | Breads & cakes (yoshon) |
| The Fillo Factory | Baklava and pastry shells/cups (when marked pas yisroel) |
| The Old City Café (Upscale Foods) | Pizza (cholov yisroel, yoshon); Burrito [cholov yisroel (where applicable), yoshon]; Macaroni and Cheese (cholov yisroel); Apple Strudel (yoshon) |
| Tova-Sovata (PL) | Exclusively pas yisroel rolls, cookies, cakes, breads |
| Village Crown Caterers (FSE) | All baked items |
| Velka Café* (FSE) | All baked items |
| Vino/Bar Kochba Restaurant* (FSE) | All baked items |
| V.I.P. | Bread crumbs |
| Wein's | All products (when Pas Yisroel is written on the label) |
| Weiss Kosher Cuisine (FSE) | All baked items |
| Yarden* | Assorted cookies |
| Yoni-Neptune Food Products* | Schnitzel coatings |
| Zaatar | Herb Pizza |
Drinking Coffee on the Road
Considering the long days that Mashgichim put in and the hundreds of miles that they drive daily, it is no surprise to hear that most mashgichim rely on coffee to keep them going. While caffeine is a plus for those who work in an office, for those out on the roads those 10 minute coffee stops are quite literally life savers. Let us take a moment to understand if there are any kashrus concerns with picking up a coffee while traveling on the road. This question was presented to the OU poskim Rav Schachter and Rav Belsky.
The primary ingredients in plain black coffee (water, sugar and unflavored coffee) are all group 1, acceptable from any source.
The Pri Chadash Y.D. 114:6 says that although coffee cannot be eaten raw and is served at the tables of kings, there is no issue of bishul akum. He explains that since coffee is essentially a water-based drink, since water can be drunk uncooked, coffee too is permitted.
The Gemara (Avoda Zara 31b) says that one may not drink beer in a non-Jewish establishment, since this can lead to intermarriage. One must take the beer back to their house before drinking. The Rambam says that cider may be drunk at a non-Jewish establishment since it is not as common a drink as beer. What about coffee? Rabbi Belsky said that although one may not drink coffee socially at a non-Jew’s home (see Chachmas Adam) there is no issue of drinking coffee in a store. Rabbi Schachter said that it is preferable that one wait to drink the coffee until one goes back to their car. He understood that the leniency of the Rambam was specifically on cider because it is not a common drink, but coffee today is as common as beer.
Rav Belsky said, in general there is no concern that the utensils that cooked the coffee were used with non-kosher. The coffee pot is usually rinsed out and reused, and is not sent through the dishwasher. Rabbi Schachter added that there would be reasons to be lenient even if the coffee pot was sent through the dishwasher.
Rabbi Schachter said that there is no issue of marris ayin for one to purchase coffee at a McDonalds rest stop. Rav Belsky agreed that this was permitted, but indicated that in such a case one should not sit down at the restaurant tables, which would give the appearance that one was intending to eat a meal, but rather should sit at one of the public rest stop seats. As we mentioned earlier, Rav Schachter recommended waiting to drink the coffee until one returned to their car.
Rav Belsky and Rav Schachter paskened that it is permissible to purchase coffee at a rest stop or convenience store. Rav Schachter added that even if one ordinarily would be machmir about these issues, they should not do so if they feel they are getting tired. Driving when tired, in violation of ונשמרתם מאד לנפשתיכםis much worse then drinking a cup of coffee which is מותר על פי דין.
לפעמים משגיח נוסע ברכב שלו לשם השגחה וירא פן תחטפנו שינה בדרך ויסתכן, ובכדי להתעורר, רוצה הוא לשתות קאווע, אלא שאין אתו ברכב, ורוצה ליכנס לחנות בלתי-כשרה (מיק דאנעלד”ס, וכדומה) שעל הדרך, ולקנות קאווע משם.
(א) על פי פשוטו נראה שאין כאן בעיא של מראית עין (והייתם נקיים וגו’) כי בידינו כבר ידוע הוא שהרבה בני אדם נכנסים לחניות שכאלו שלא על מנת לאכול ממאכליהם האסורים, אלא על מנת להשתמש בשרותים שמה, או על מנת לקנות קוקה-קולה וכדומה.
(ב) בנדון כשרות הקאווע, אף על פי שלפעמים יוצא הקאווע הכשר מאותו הסילון שיוצא הקאוו”ע הבלתי-כשר, ויש בקאוו”ע הכשר תערובת של משהו איסור, על פי פשוטו היה נראה לומר שאותו המשהו מתבטל בסמ”ך, ואין בזה משום ביטול איסור לכתחילה, שהרי אין כונתו לבטל, ואף דבדרך כלל היינו מייעצים שלא לקנות קאוו”ע היוצא מן הכלי שכזה, בשעת הצורך שכזה שיש קצת חשש סכנה, נראה שאין להחמיר.
(ג) ואף שיש מקום לערער על כשרות הקאוו”ע – שלפעמים יקרה שישטפו את הכלי שבו מתבשל הקאוו”ע ביחד עם כלים שיש עליהם פירורי מאכלות אסורות, ועל ידי כן תכנס הבליעה אל כלי ההיתר (של הקאוו”ע), על פי רוב תמיד מכניסים דיטרג’נט אל תוך מכונת שטיפת הכלים באופן שכזה שתחילת בליעת האיסור אל כלי-בישול הקאוו”ע יהיה בבחינת נותן טעם לפגם, ומותר.
(ד) אלא דבגמרא עבודה זרה (לא:) איתא שאסרו לשתות שכר של עכו”ם במקום מכירתו, ולדעת כמה פוסקים אף כל המשקאות הקלות גם כן בכלל הך גזרה (עיין יורה דעה ריש סימן קי”ד), על כן יש ליעצו לרב המשגיח שלא ישתנה הקאוו”ע שמה – בחנות, אלא להוציאו לחוץ ולשתותו ברכב שלו, דבגמרא (שמה) הובאו ב’ הנהגות של האמוראים – אם מספיק לשתותו אבבא דחנותא, או דמן הנכון להחמיר שלא לשתותו אלא בביתו, וכאן – בנידון דידן, לשתותו ברכב שלו הוא החומרא הכי גדולה שאפשר להצריך.
(ה) ועל פי פשוטו אינו נכון למשגיח להחמיר בזה ולנהוג במדת חסידות, ולהתרחק מן הכיעור ומן הדומה לכיעור, שהרי התורה צותה ונשמרתם מאוד לנפשותיכם, וחמירא סכנתא מאיסורא, וחסידות בכהאי גוונא בודאי תחשב כחסידות של שטות.
צבי שכטר
ביסוד אני מסכים מן ה”יוצא לפועל” אבל מש”כ בסעי’ ד’ שכמה פוסקים אסרו משקאות קלות, נעלמה ממני דעה זו ולא שמעתיה מעולם. גם מש”כ ששוטפים כלי הקאווע יחד עם כלי האוכל כמדומה לי ששוטפים בנפרד ביד ולא במכונה ועוד מלבד זה ברוב מקומות מנוח (rest stops) שראיתי, מקום השולחנות אינם קשורים למסעדות אלא לה rest stopsעצמו ואין בהם מראת עין או גזירת חנויות שלהם כי הוקבעו למנוח הצבור ומנותקים מהחנות
ישראל הלוי בעלסקי
Aish M’aish – Bishul Yisroel
In many companies the method for dealing with the issue of bishul akum is to have the mashgiach light the pilot light of the boiler. This is based on the ruling of the Rama (Y.D. 113:7) that if a non-Jew lit his fire from a fire that was lit by a Yisroel, then the food cooked with that fire would not be subject to the issur of bishul akum.
Although the Minchas Yaakov (75:41) holds that one can rely on this leniency even lichatchila, most poskim (Chachmas Adam 66:8, Aruch Hashulchan 113:44) point out that the leniency of the Rama is only bidieved at best. Lichatchila, one may not allow a non-Jew to cook one’s food with such a fire. If so, how do we rely on having the mashgiach light the pilot lights of boilers in non-Jewish companies?
It is important to keep in mind two other sevaros discussed by poskim.
The Maharit Tzalon (161) says that although Chazal initially forbade pas paltar, they never forbade bishul of a paltar. Only bread which is the staple of the meal can lead to intermarriage even when baked by workers for the purpose of selling. Other items, although they may be oleh al shulchan melachim, are not forbidden when cooked for the purpose of selling.
Rav Moshe Feinstein Zt”l held that items cooked in factories in a manner that is different from the way that one cooks in one’s home are not subject to the issur of bishul akum.
Although we do not rely on these sevaros by themselves, we are mitztareif them in conjunction with other sevaros.
For example, we permit steamed tuna fish without bishul Yisroel. Although there is a disagreement as to whether steaming is exempt from the prohibition of bishul akum, we are lenient b’tziruf the above two sevaros (The Maharit Tzalon and Rav Moshe). Similarly, perhaps we can rely on pilot lights in conjunction with the above sevaros.
Rabbi Belsky said that we may be lenient to allow the use of pilot lights in companies; however, the mashgiach should relight the boiler whenever he visits the plant. Since many poskim hold that the heter of pilot lights in only bidieved, when there is a mashgiach available to light the fire, we should not rely on a bidieved. In restaurants since there is a mashgiach temidi available to light the fires, we do not rely on the heter of aish m’aish.
In summary:
• Although we are lenient to allow the use of pilot lights in factories to remove the issur of bishul akum, the boilers should be relit every time the mashgiach visits the factory.
• In restaurants we do not rely on this leniency
Remembrance of the Mumbai Kedoshim
I had the opportunity to meet Ben Zion Chroman many times in Beijing on Shabbos during the past two years. I always will remember his intense concentration and kavana in his tefillah, especially Shmoneh Esrei. At the Shabbos meals he just loved to sing the Carlebach niggunim. His favorite melody was "Kol haolam kulo gesher tzar me’od, ve-haikar lo lefached kla," meaning "This world is just but a narrow bridge and there is nothing to fear." He would start singing in a very low melodious voice, which would get louder and stronger as he repeated those words with such emotion from the depth of his neshama, getting all present at the table to join in with him.
It was apparent to me that he loved all Jews even though he was a Bobover chassid with a streimel. Rabbi Teitelbaum, who used to sit opposite him at the Shabbos table, would be enthralled by his chaver’s sweet voice and join in as well with all the niggunim. It so happens that I grew up in Far Rockaway, NY, where I davened in Kehilas Yaakov by the Sulitzer Rebbi, the grandfather of Rabbi Teitlebaum, and where my parents still daven. I am sure that both kedoshim gave their lives while singing "ve-ha-ikar lo le-fached kla.”
Hashem yinakem damam…
Rav Moshe Zt’l’s Heter of Cholov Stam Revisited
Halacha states that milk which is produced without hashgacha (r’iyah of a Yisroel) is non-kosher; such milk is termed “cholov akum”. This rule is a gezeirah, lest milk from non-kosher animals be mixed into what otherwise could be assumed to be kosher milk. Milk is only permissible when a Yisroel watches the milking, verifying that milk from non-kosher animal species is not incorporated. (Yoreh Deah 115:1, from Maseches Avodah Zarah daf 35b)
In his famous teshuva about regular (not specially-supervised) milk – what we call “cholov stam”, Reb Moshe Feinstein zt”l rules that such milk is permissible, as governmental inspection of dairies serves as verification that milk from non-kosher animals is not present; since governmental inspection establishes the absence of milk from non-kosher animals as a known fact, the rule of Annan Sahadei – that we are all virtual witnesses to the fact – pertains, and it is as if there is actual visual supervision (by Klal Yisroel) of the milk in domestic dairies. (Igros Moshe YD 1:47)
In teshuva 49 (ibid.), Reb Moshe addresses the question of farms. Although there is governmental inspection of dairy plants, where milk is pasteurized and bottled, much of the milk comes from farms, which Reb Moshe describes as often lacking supervision. If so, how could the rule of Annan Sahadei apply to permit milk? Is there not a lapse in supervision, such that the milk was lacking any governmental supervision from the time it was farmed until it arrived at the dairy plant?
Reb Moshe replied to the person who posed this question that Chazal were gozair on milk only at the point of its transfer to a Yisroel (“bo l’yad Yisroel”). Therefore, only milk which comes to the Jewish consumer from dairy processors can be prohibited as cholov akum; milk which is at farms and travels to dairy plants is not yet subject to the gezeirah. Once this milk is at the dairy plants, it is subject to governmental inspection and becomes the halachic equivalent of cholov Yisroel, as Annan Sahadei applies at that point and tells us to treat the milk as supervised by Yisroelim.
An obvious problem arises in modern times, as governmental inspections of dairies – at least today – does not include tests to determine the animal species from which the milk came. (See section of FDA Milk Plant Inspection Form on page.) Government inspectors test milk for bacteria count and the presence of antibiotics, but they do not verify by tests or otherwise which species of animal produced the milk. Such determination can be made by testing fat or casein ratios of milk samples, but the government does not do this. Whereas in former times (and still today at a handful of dairy plants), it was common for dairies to have on-site farms, and government inspectors would thereby physically see the animals present, such is no longer the case. In light of the current situation, that government inspectors do not in any way test milk to determine the source animals, nor do the inspectors see the milking animals, their inspections would appear to be of no use to create a situation of Annan Sahadei! If so, on what do we base our heter of cholov stam in contemporary times?
Rabbi Eli Gersten, based on diyukim in Igros Moshe (ibid. teshuva 49 and YD 3:17), understood and convincingly demonstrated that Reb Moshe held that since Chazal were gozair only upon the final point of possession of milk prior to its transfer to a Yisroel, the lack of meaningful verification at dairy plants is immaterial; so long as government inspectors visit the dairies and see that nothing is being added to the milk (and see no non-kosher species on-site!), the milk is permitted.
I arranged a conference call with Rav Belsky and Reb Zev Osdoba, RFR at Ahava Dairies, who has worked very extensively with state and federal inspectors over the course of many years, and who provided me with reams of documentation on the details of government inspection programs and requirements. Reb Zev revealed the following information (which I later corroborated independently by reviewing state and federal government websites and speaking with dairy companies):
•Currently, the government inspects all milk farms 2-6 times per year.
•Governmental (state) farm inspection protocol specifically includes a provision that only cows are in the farms’ milking parlors and/or cowyard. This provision (formulated in terms of swine) is part of the standard farm inspection form. (See sections of Dairy Farm Inspection Forms below.)
•Government inspectors track the intake and output of all milk at dairies. Thus, the source farms are identified by the inspectors, and they must correlate with farms approved by the government.
Reb Zev also related that state farm inspectors told him that they have never encountered horses, pigs or other livestock (besides cows) on dairy farms, and that were they to do so, they would immediately report it as part of their responsibilities.
In light of this current state of affairs, such that the farms are indeed uniformly inspected for non-kosher animals, and the dairy plants’ inspectors work with the farm inspectors’ data, Rav Belsky ruled that the heter of cholov stam applies for those who wish to rely on it, albeit based principally on farm inspections rather than on dairy inspections. The correlation of data between the farm and dairy inspections extends the farm inspections’ efficacy to the dairies, from which point the milk is “bo l’yad Yisroel” and retains its permissibility.
It should be noted that the above, newly-formulated position on cholov stam is actually the total reverse of Reb Moshe’s heter: Reb Moshe was mattir cholov stam based on dairy plants being inspected by the government, and government inspection of farms was a non-issue due to the concept of “bo l’yad Yisroel”. Now, in contradistinction, government inspection of farms plays the central role, and dairy plant inspection is no longer central for the heter. It is also important to note that the new position does not rely on “bo l’yad Yisroel” and may appeal to those who were not comfortable using this rationale in this case.
As evidenced by the above p’sak and research, the OU continues to pave the way in kashrus technical data and to service those in Klal Yisroel who wish to rely on Rav Moshe’s heter concerning cholov stam.
Mesorah Fish
On Sunday February 19th, the Orthodox Union presented a conference on a wide variety of subjects pertaining to Mesorah of various “pareve” subjects. The following is a look at the topic I presented, “An Analysis of Kaskeses – Part and Present”.
The first question one must address is the relationship between “kaskeses” and a kosher fish. What exactly defines a fish as kosher? The Pasuk in Vayikra 11:9 describes a kosher fish as one that has “snapir v’kaskeses”, which is generally translated as fins and scales. From the Pasuk alone, one might think that a fish needs to have both simanim in order to be kosher. However, the Mishnah in Niddah 59A (expounded in Chullin 66B) tells us, “kol sheyesh bo kaskeses yesh bo snapir”, that any fish which has “kaskeses” will automatically possess “snapir”. If so, we now see that in order for us to know if a fish is kosher, we simply need to confirm that it has “kaskeses”. The question remains, however, what exactly is “kaskeses”?
The Gemara goes through a back and forth discussion to confirm what exactly is a “snapir” and what is a “kaskeses”. The gemara concludes that “snapir” refers to a fin that assists a fish in swimming, and that “kaskeses” refers to those finger-nail like protrusions on the side of a fish. The gemara asks (in light of the knowledge that every fish possessing “kaskeses” automatically has “snapir”) what the was need for the pasuk to mention “snapir”. The Gemara responds, “Yagdil Torah V’Yadir”, that the pasuk mentions “snapir” in order to “make great” and “aggrandize” the Torah.
The question still remains, what exactly is “kaskeses”? Though it is often translated as “scales”, not all scales are included in the term “kaskeses”. Specifically, the Ramban in Chumash tells us that a “kaskeses” must be able to be removed from the fish either by hand or with a knife, without ripping the underlying skin. Practically speaking, if the scale underneath the skin would rip upon removing the scale, the fish could have “fins and scales”, but not have “snapir v’kaskeskes”, and would not be kosher. The Ramban’s requirement is discussed in the Achronim, but is universally accepted as the halacha (see Y.D.83:1, and Ramah there in the name of Maggid Mishnah).
No limit is given in the Poskim to discuss a particular shape, color or texture of a “kaskeses”. Any scale that can be removed without ripping skin would qualify as a “kaskeses”. The only limit discussed is the size of a scale, namely that it must be large enough to be viewed by the naked eye. Both the Aruch HaShulchan and the Tiferes Yisroel mention this requirement, on the grounds that a view at a normal distance by the naked eye is always the minimum limit specified by Torah Law for something to be legally significant.
The second question to address is how can we know if a particular fish is kosher? Many people believe one can determine a fish to be kosher based upon the scientific classification of the scales of a particular fish. There are five different types of scales: placoid, cosmoid, gadoid, ctenoid and cycloid. Placoid scales are found on many different types of sharks (sharks do have scales, though they rip the skin when removed and thus cannot be considered “kaskeses”), cosmoid are found on lungfish, gadoid are found on sturgeon, gars and bowfin. These three types of scales are rarely found on kosher fish, though I mentioned bowfin (Amia Calva) as at least one example of a kosher fish with gadoid scales. The other two types, cycloid and ctenoid scales, are the ones found on most kosher fish. The scale classifications are based on varying factors,such as the make upof the scale,its relationship to other scales on a fish, and the structure of the growth rings on the edge of a scale (experts can determine how old a fish is by counting rings on its scales, much as they would rings on a tree).
Some Rabbis have postulated that any fish bearing cycloid or ctenoid scales is a kosher fish. They would say that all one needs to do is confirm that a certain species of fish has one of these types of scales to know that it is kosher. There are several reasons why one should disagree with this assertion. One reason, mentioned above, is that some fish contain cycloid scales that are not visible to the naked eye. One example that we encountered in the OU office was a type of sandeel (Ammodytes Americanus) that supposedly had cycloid scales, though all the experts in our office who viewed samples could not see anything on the fish large enough to consider it as having “kaskeses”. Another reason why defining the type of scale is not sufficient to know if it is kosher, is that some fish have embedded scales. American Eel (Anguilla Anguilla) is known to have scales that could be “kosher” if not for the fact that they are deeply embedded into the skin. The same is true for burbot (Lota Lota). One must also bear in mind that there is nothing intrinsic to the definition of any type of scale that requires it be able to be removed from the fish without ripping the skin, as is required for “kaskeses”. Even if anecdotally one can note that a great number of fish bearing cycloid and ctenoid scales tend to have ones that that can qualify as “kaskeses”, one cannot claim that this would be a sufficient determinant of kosher status.
Others have suggested that some sort of kosher fish list be constructed for the benefit of consumers. There are several reasons why this suggestion is not viable. The first is the intrinsic inaccuracy of the use of common names. The same common name can be used to refer to a myriad of different fish. Not all “cods” are kosher; the burbot mentioned above is classified as a “gadidae”, technically making it a cod. In our office, we have encountered incidents with such fish as “torsk” (which can refer to both a kosher and a non-kosher fish), “escolar”(oilfish) which also refers to multiple specimens of varying kosher status, and Turbot (some are kosher, some not). Though the primary example of non-kosher (scaleless) Turbot is usually called “European Turbot”, the fish is actively produced through aquaculture (fish farming) in China and possibly other places. Let’s say for argument sake one could guarantee that a certain common name could refer to only one fish in the world. Surely then we could endorse such a fish list’s recommendation?
In truth, the consumer would be stuck with yet another concern, how does he know the sample he is trying to purchase in fact is the fish with this special common name? One cannot rely on someone who is not halachicly reliable to determine the status of a fish, which is exactly what a consumer who cannot determine the kosher status of a particular fish would be doing! For example, one cannot purchase “tilapia” based solely on the recommendation of a kosher fish list, if there is no way for him to verify that the fish in fact IS a tilapia.
Many cite the Orthodox Union’s renowned fish list, prepared by Dr. Atz. Surely one can purchase fish based on this list? Actually, Dr. Atz himself casts doubt upon the ability to identify a fish by common name. In an article he wrote for Tropical Fish Hobbyist in 1996, Dr. Atz chronicles the “Jewfish”. Dr. Atz shows how in different regions of the world from colonial times, almost every society had a “Jewfish”. Some were kosher, some were not. Dr. Atz concluded that the only thing the various fish had in common was that they were despised for some reason or another (and none was ever documented as having paid retail for anything). Common name is not a determinant.
The Kaf HaChaim also sees common names as inaccurate. In his Sefer (Yoreh Deah 83:5), he notes that discrepancies between different Talmudic accounts of the “shibbuta” must lead one to conclude that there were multiple fish called “shibutta” in the times of Chazal.
B’ezras Hashem, we will discuss in next week’s article how one would determine the kosher status of a fish, as well as a look at how the Talmudic rule of “kol sheyesh bo kaskeses yesh bo snapir” would be applied.
An Analysis of Kaskeses – Part and Present
To summarize, fish that have a kaskeses are kosher. The definition of kaskeses is unique to kashrus, and scientific classifications of scales are not halachikly determinative.
In this article, we will discuss two methods how to practically determine if a fish is kosher.
The easiest way to determine if a fish is kosher, is by manually checking the fish for scales. Simply locate a scale on the side of the fish (preferably behind the gills, tail or fin – as mentioned by the Rama as a chumra to guarantee the scale did not fall off of another fish), grab it between your thumb and forefinger, and gently attempt to pull it out. One should note that scales are always attached to the fish on the side closer to the head. The reason is fairly obvious if you can imagine how a fish swims. If the scale would be able to swing on the side closer to the tail, the current pulling against the now exposed scale would inevitably rip it off as the fish swims. This would be similar to the effect of when one walks with an umbrella in a brisk wind, and does not point it in the direction of the blowing. The umbrella gets caught in the wind and blows inside out. So too, the current would get caught under the scale and rip it off, causing the fish to die due to infection.
After removing the scale, simply inspect the area where the scale came from for a rip in the skin. If the skin seems fairly undamaged, the fish is kosher. If the scale will not come out without the skin ripping, the scale is not a “kaskeses”. Generally speaking, it is fairly obvious whether ir nit the scale ripped. As a practical “aytzah” to get a sense of what skin normally looks like when a “kaskeses” is removed (and the skin does not rip) would be to inspect the skin of other fish which one knows to be kosher.
Though there is no requirement of “mesorah” on fish like there is on birds and animals, the Darchei Teshuva does describe the possibility of determining the kosher status of a fish based on mesorah. Specifically, one may bring a fish (whose “kaskeses” fell off or did not yet grow “kaskeses”) to someone familiar with the specific fish to determine if this is a species that the person has mesorah of it being a kosher fish. It is important to keep in mind that the “mesorah method” of determining kosher status is particularly useful when dealing with various types of mackerel, for example, as mackerels tend to lose their scales when removed from the water. Fish that lose their scales may have a single scale in the three areas mentioned earlier (behind the gills, tail and fin), though without a scale one could still recognize the fish based on its skin.
As with most matters relating to the permitting of a potential Torah prohibition, the person ruling on the fish must be both “halachicly” reliable and familiar with the issue at hand (in our case, the specific type of fish). One should note that a gentile working at a fish store is not qualified to confirm the kosher status of the fish.
The “mesorah method” is based on an idea mentioned in last week’s article, namely that the Gemara tells us that a fish that has not yet grown “kaskeses” or lost its “kaskeskes” is still a kosher specie. One should ask, even if theoretically true, how could one practically determine that the fish is kosher if there are no “kaskeses” on it now? The answer, says the Darchei Teshuva, is that one can recognize the specie based on its skin. There is no mention of someone with a “tvias ayin” on the flesh of a fish, which must be regarded as “kirvei dagim” and is forbidden.
Some have asked how big a piece of skin must be left on the fish for one to determine its status based on the “mesorah method”. Though I have not seen a specific size given, clearly the piece of skin must be big enough for someone to actually be able to say what it is. A few weeks ago, I received an inquiry from a smaller hashgacha organization, that wanted to know how they could accept as kosher fish whose skin had been completely removed except for a small (scaleless) patch, when their mashgiach could not properly identify the fish. I answered that they could not. The only way to accept the fish is by having someone familiar with the specie accept the delivery, and a mashgiach who is not familiar with the specific fish is not acceptable. Consider the following mashul (parable). Suppose a person, r”l, is blind. Halachicly, the person is “ne’eman” to testify in Beis Din. One would not, however, ask the person to confirm which of two identical pieces of meat has a hashgacha printed on the package. Here too, a person who does not have mesorah on the particular fish in question may not be relied upon to confirm the kosher status of the fish by a patch of skin. Such a person could only attempt to remove a scale from the fish, as described above.
Some hashgacha organizations allow for salmon to be accepted without skin at all. The justification behind this policy is that there are no known fish whose flesh resembles the red/pink of a salmon, making the flesh color a “siman muvhak”. Again, this heter would only apply to a case where the mashgiach accepting the fish knows what a salmon is supposed to look like.
Many of us are “zoche” to live in areas where we don’t much think about which fish are kosher or not, as we could not imagine the local “heimish” supermarket selling a non-kosher species. Some of us live in parts of the world where kosher meat is difficult to acquire, and buying fish from the local store is the easiest way to properly feed our families. Though it may seem odd at first, those people have at least one advantage over their brethren living in Jewish neighborhoods. They have the chance to teach themselves and their children how to determine if a fish is kosher, often having no other option. It would be unfortunate if those of us who can easily acquire a kosher fish would lose out on the opportunity to know how to be “mavchin bein hatamei u’bein hatahor”, to be able to distinguish between the pure and the impure.
Chometz Sheavar Alav Pesach
Pesach is a period full of kashrus related halachos. During this unique time we observe various dietary restrictions, which are part of the holiday’s special “halachic diet”. However, kashrus issues associated with Pesach do not end with havdalah after the last day of yom tov. Chometz sheavar alav hapesach, a term that describes chometz that was possessed or controlled by a Jew during Pesach, is strictly forbidden after yom tov is over. This issue is unfortunately quite relevant, since many food manufacturers, distributors, and retail stores may have either full or partial Jewish ownership. In each of these sectors, unless the party or parties involved are shomrei Torah u’mitzvos, any chometz in their possession may very well be forbidden after Pesach.
The prohibition of chometz sheavar alav hapesach was enacted by Chazal as a penalty for violating the issur deoraisa of possessing chometz on Pesach . Chometz shevar alav hapesach is prohibited to eat, and also derive benefit from, after yom tov . However, unlike minute amounts of chometz that falls into a food on Pesach and prohibit the entire mixture, chometz sheavar alav hapesach is nullified in a food with shishim (60x) of heter in the mixture vis-à-vis the chometz.
One very common method of avoiding the prohibition of chometz on Pesach is by selling any chometz to a non-Jew before Pesach . However, some authorities objected to executing a sale with an understanding the chometz will purchased back after yom tov. The Vilna Gaon for example, objected to these sales, as well as using any chometz sold through these methods after Pesach . The primary argument against this practice is that it amounts to he’aramah (trickery), which should not permissible to circumvent an issur deoraisa (torah prohibition) . Nevertheless, sales to avoid issurei chometz in many communities have become an accepted practice, which has support from numerous authorities that disagreed with the Gaon’s concern .
Some poskim distinguished between issurei deoraisa and issurei derabanan (rabbinic prohibitions) regarding this issue . For example, a common practice of not selling chometz gamur, but selling chometz be’taroves (chometz that is part of a recipe, which is not principally chometz) may be based on Rabeinu Tam , who takes the position that in a mixture, there is no Torah prohibition of possessing chometz . Moreover, Rav Yackov Kaminetzky zt’l ruled that people who do not sell chometz because of he’aramah may still accept chometz after Pesach from someone who relied on a sale. Rav Yackov’s reason was that since chometz sheavar alav hapesach is an issur derabanan, it may be permissible to rely on he’aramah after Pesach to avoid a rabbinic prohibition .
Pesachim 29a
Pesachim 28a, Shulchan Aruch O.C. 448:3
Shulchan Aruch O.C. 448:3
Ma’aseh Rav 180, 181
Shabbos 139b
Shut Chasam Sofer O.C. 62, 113, Mekor Chaim 448:7:11, Igros Moshe O.C. 4:95. See Sha’arei Teshuva O.C. 448:17
Ibid 5. Some poskim also argued that once bitul chometz is recited, the prohibition is reduced to an issur derabbanan. See Shut Shoel U’Meshiv 2:3:60.
Pesachim 42a
Nefesh HaRav, p. 177
What if a Jewish owned business does not sell its chometz before Pesach? Unfortunately, this dilemma has not been an uncommon phenomenon. These kinds of situations have been addressed and discussed by poskim for generations.
Rav Dovid Friedman zt’l once suggested a very novel approach to permitting chometz that was in the possession of a nonobservant Jew during Pesach . The gemara in maseches Chullin (5a) rules that a mechalel Shabbos’ status in halacha is akin to a nochri. Classically, this halacha is applied stringently in several contexts; for example, if a mechalel Shabbos would touch non-mevsuhal wine, it would become prohibited. However, Rav Friedman suggested that perhaps this principle may be applied leniently in the case of chometz she’avar alav hapesach, since chometz of a nochri is permitted after Yom Tov. Therefore, it would be permissible to purchase chometz from a nonobservant Jewish storeowner, who is a mechalel Shabbos, or schnapps from a partially Jewish owned company , as was the case discussed in the teshuva. However, although very original, this line of reasoning was not accepted by other poskim .
Rav Friedman also suggested that if Jewish ownership only constitutes a minority interest, the minority percentage would be considered botel and nullified vis-à-vis the non-Jewish ownership of the company. This approach was also supported by Rav Itzele Ponovezher zt’l, in order to permit chometz after Pesach from companies that were partially Jewish owned . However, this approach has also not been accepted by contemporary authorities.
Rav Moshe Feinstein zt’l addressed a similar question regarding corporations, and took
a lenient position with different reasoning. Rav Moshe held that if a minority interest of Jewish ownership is not actively involved in company operations, halachically there is no legal Jewish ownership or control, which would render the chometz prohibited after Pesach. According to Rav Moshe, stocks that represent a minority equity interest do not translate into ownership of actual company assets, which would present a Pesach issue. However, if a business is majority Jewish owned, or a minority interest is actively involved in the business, the business relationship is viewed as a partnership and chometz sheavar alav hapesach could be an issue .
In the food distribution chain, there are usually three basic links before food reaches an end user: 1) the manufacturer, 2) the distributor, and 3) the retail store. In the case of a Jewish owned manufacturing company, nowadays the issue of chometz should be addressed by the Rav Hamachshir who certifies the company. The standard practice is to arrange for a sale of chometz to a non-Jew. Whether the business operates during that time, and if it does, under what conditions, will vary depending on the Rav Hamachshir.
In the case of a retail store, if the owner is shomer Torah u’mitzvos presumably all chometz would be sold to a non-Jew before Pesach, and none of that chometz will be sold until after Pesach. However, if the Jewish store owner is not shomer Torah u’mitzvos,
did not arrange for a reliable sale of chometz prior to Pesach, and there is no acceptable Rav Hamachshir to address the issue, any chometz in the store’s possession during Pesach becomes prohibited. This is problematic even if a kosher certification symbol appears on the product label. The product was perfectly kosher before Pesach, but becomes prohibited afterward.
Rav Moshe Feinstein wrote a famous teshuva about a large Jewish supermarket chain that arranged for mechiras chometz prior to Pesach, but nevertheless continued to sell chometz throughout the holiday itself. In that teshuva, Rav Moshe assumed that the mechira remained valid, and the inventory sold during Yom Tov should be viewed merely as merchandise stolen by the store from the new non-Jewish owner. However, the fact that the company was operating business as usual would not invalidate the sale of chometz for inventory remaining on store shelves after Pesach. Therefore, according to Rav Moshe it was permissible to shop in that supermarket immediately after Pesach . However, some earlier authorities disagree with Rav Moshe’s reasoning, and argue that a sale executed in the form of ha’aramah is invalid since the original owner repossessed and sold goods to a third party . Along these lines, some contemporary authorities directly disagreed with Rav Moshe’s psak as well .
Nonetheless, manufacturers or retail stores are usually not sources of confusion with regard to the area of chometz sheavar alav haPesach. The difficult part of the equation is distributors, who are middle men between manufacturers and retail stores. Some distributors, including those that might supply large supermarkets, have Jewish ownership. Distributors who are shomeri Torah u’mitzvos cease operations during Pesach and sell their chometz beforehand. However, those who are not, very likely would not sell their chometz, or might arrange to sell their chometz and continue to operate their business normally during Pesach. The distributors that supply different retail stores will vary between each store. Frum store owners presumably are aware of this issue and should carefully take into account obtaining merchandise from acceptable sources after yom tov. In some cases, the distributors themselves may be frum and would have sold their chometz before Pesach.
When addressing this issue, it is important to bear in mind that chometz sheavar alav hapesach is an issur derabbanan. In cases of rabbinic prohibitions, there is room to be lenient when there is sufficient doubt. Rav Moshe Feinstein writes that if based on a calculation of days most of a store’s inventory would not be chometz sheavar alav hapesach, it is permissible to shop in that store . However, due to numerous complexities involved, especially with large supermarkets, consumers are best off turning to local rabbanim for direction as to where they may shop immediately after Pesach.
Emes LeYackov, Shulchan Aruch 202
Sheilas Dovid O.C. 5
See Mishkenos Yackov Y.D. 36 and Shut Pnei Yehoshua 9
Taz O.C. 448:3:4, Shut Binyan Shlomo 2:32, Shut Shoel U’Meishiv 2:3:60, Mishneh Berura 448:3:11
Zecher Yitzchok 8
Igros Moshe 4:54
Igros Moshe O.C. 1:149, 2:91
Shut Maharam Shick O.C. 205, Shut Maharsham 2:117
Mipeninei HaRav, p.84
Rabbi Bistricer is a rabbinic Coordinator at the OU and is an expert in many areas of Kashrus.
Pas and the Jewish Home
In this article, we will iy”h, focus upon some general aspects of “pas”.We will see that Pas has a unique status in the Halacha because of its chashivus. This involves numerous halachos of Orach Chayim, and Yoreh Deiah. Foods made from the chameishas minei dagan, the following five types of grain, have a special significance in the halacha. They are: Chita, Seora, Kusemes, Shipun, and Shibboles Shual. Wheat, barley, spelt, rye, and oats. Bread made from these minim exclusively, has been assigned by chazal the special status of lechem. The Tur notes that this is because they have been singled out in the Torah among the minim produce for which Eretz Yisrael has been praised. The passuk in Devarim 8,8 states Eretz Chita Useorah Vegefen Vereon Eretz Zais Shemen Udvash chita, seorah. are the main types encompassing all of the rest.
This special status has ramifications in a myriad halachos. Let us look into a few of them. In Hilchos Brachos, they are on top of the hierarchy of the halachic food chain, if you will. When baked they require the special bracha of mezonnos before and the full bracha achrona of al hamichya afterwards. Of course if baked in the tzurah of pas they have the highest distinction of requiring netilas yadayim washing and the super bracha of hamotzie before eating and followed by the full birchas hamazon. Because of their special Chashivus, they are an exception to a general rule in hilchos brachos. If two foods with different brachos are consumed at the same time the din is that one of the foods is deemed as ikkar the main component by virtue of its quantity and desirability. A bracha is made on the ikkar and there is no need for a bracha on the tafel the minor component. However, if the tafel the so called minor component is comprised of the five minim and is present for food purposes (not merely as a binding agent) then it does require its own bracha: The five minim due to their special significance can never be deemed as tafel as minor and will be by definition deemed as the ikkar and need their own bracha. The other component is deemed as the tafel.
Lechem made from the chameishas minei dagan has halachic significance regarding seudos mitzvah as well. Seudos Mitzvah for example the required meals on Shabbos, Yom tov and other occasions require the inclusion of lechem as part of the fulfillment of the mitzvah. Chazal, apparently viewed the seudah as incomplete without being enhanced by the presence of lechem. There is a question in the Poskim regarding seudas Purim. The Magen Avraham rules that Pas is not required. Many later Poskim disagree and require Pas.
Their special status is quite apparent on Pesach as well. If dough made from these five minim becomes leavened before baking then it becomes chametz and is subject to the most severe onesh of kareiss if consumed on Pesach willingly. There are other foods that are forbidden to eat on Pesach to be sure either middrabanan or based upon minhag for example kitniyos legumes but only these can become chametz min hatorah. Conversely, only these minim may be used under the proper conditions of shmirah of watching to bake matzoh to fulfil the mitzvah of achilas matzoh on Pesach.
These five minim come to play regarding Hafrashas Challah as well. There is a mitzvah min hatorah to separate challah from lisha: dough and give it to the Kohain. (as the torah states reishis arisoseichem) lisha is defined as “blila avah” a thick dough. In instances such as sponge cake which is blilla racha a loose batter challah is taken after afiyah baking. This special mitzvah applies only to the dough kneaded of flour from these special five minim. This halacha applies min hatorah only in Eretz Yisrael like the other mitzvohs hatluyos baaretz: special laws applicable to produce of Eretz Yisrael. However, middrabbanan there is a chiyuv of challah even in today’s times and even outside of Eretz Yisrael. It is for this reason that kashrus agencies here as well as the consumer have to make sure that challah is appropriately separated. Why did the Rabbonon decree an obligation of challah separation outside of Eretz Yisrael? There is no such requirement for teruma ,shmita and the other mitzvos hatlyuos baaretz? The Shulchan Aruch based upon the Rambam says that otherwise somehow the laws of challah would be forgotten. Tosfos in Kiddushin answers differently. Challah looks like and resembles a mitzvah upon the person and not like a land oriented mitzvah because although it applies only to the grains of Eretz Yisrael the obligation does not take place in the field but rather later at the time that the dough is kneaded in the home. Therefore the Rabbonon were able to institute it outside of Eretz Yisrael as well. Hagaon Reb Moshe Feinstein Ztl, in his sefer on chumash, notes other unique aspects of Challah. Challah took effect immediately upon entry into Eretz Yisrael as opposed to Truma for example which took effect only after the fourteen years of conquest and distribution of Eretz Yisrael. The Midrash Tanchuma assigns a special role to women in the performance of this mitzvah. The Navi Yechezkel, indicates that this mitzvah results in bringing bracha to the home. Based upon his comments we may say that challah is unique because it has to be taken and given away from the staple food: bread dough that you have worked so diligently for planting the seeds reaping making it into flour and finally kneading into dough. You are now ready to partake and benefit from all of your toil and serve your family. First says the Torah give away a part to the Kohain to tzedakkah. The mishpachas Yisrael is taught that before it may take and partake it must first give to others. This is a crucial mitzvah in the proper chinnuch of the beis yehudi. For this reason immediately upon entry into Eretz Yisrael it took affect. The woman as akkeres habayis therefore has a special role to play in this chinnuch oriented mitzvah. It therefore brings Bracha to the home. Perhaps we may add that for this reason the Rabbonon sought fit to institute it in Chutzah laaretz as well.
It is interesting to note that there is another area in halacha where the chameishas minai dagan become relevant specifically from the time of lisha. There is an issur middrabbonon of kneading and baking dairy bread (fleishig as well is assur). See Yoreh Deiah97. We have already noted the special place bread has in a seudah. The seudah commonly was eaten with either meat or milk. Therefore the rabbonon prohibited the lisha and affiyah of dairy of fleishig bread lest it be eaten at the meal. Bread was the major part of a seudah; indeed poskim based upon the passuk in Devarim state that lechem, in particular, was assered ki al halechem yiche haadam. (There are other dinim that are particular to lechem based upon this passuk see Yoreh Deiah 87 and 114.)
These five minim have a special status regarding the issur middrobonon of bishul akkum as well. There was an accepted issur middrabbonon of bishul akkum regarding cooked food. This issur was never fully accepted by klal Yisrael nor instituted regarding PAS because such items were deemed chayei nefesh foods vital to subsistence. Nevertheless in many mekomos places the issur is accepted and practiced. It is less restrictive than the issur of bishul Akum to be sure and has its own set of halachik rules and guidelines. Many mekomos however have accepted the heter of Pas Palter as brought in the shulchan aruch. Pas palter refers to commercially baked bread items made of the five minim for which the bracha is hamotzie if one would be koveiah seudah on them. What you may wonder is the status of bagels which are boiled and baked? Bagels are Pas and not bishul even though they are put in boiling water. This is actually addressed by Hagaon Reb Moshe Feinstein Zt”l in Iggros Moshe YD 2 The bagels are baked and hence Pas. The dough is put in boiling water for a short period of time not to cook but in order to give it its unique chewy texture that b | |